Abstract

Review Article

Post-transplant Malignancy: An Overview and Review of Literatures

Wael Lateef Jebur*

Published: 07 January, 2025 | Volume 9 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-008

Post-transplant malignancy is one of the contentious and feared consequences of Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT), which might detrimentally alter the outcome of transplantation. Risk factors are manifold, principally related to a suppressed immune system with intercurrent immunosuppressant medications commonly used in the context of SOT. Opportunistic viral infections encountered in SOT are crucial promoters of mitogenic proliferation in several common tumors. Lastly, immune suppressant therapy might trigger mitogenic changes directly.
In this paper, we are discussing post-SOT malignancies, elaborating on the different phases of its pathogenesis, and elucidating on the different aspects that linger in its risk factors, preventive strategies, and management.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jcn.1001144 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

References

  1. Shen B, Cen Z, Tan M, Song C, Wu X, Wang J, Huang M. Current status of malignant tumors after organ transplantation. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5852451. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5852451
  2. Santarsieri A, Rudge JF, Amin I, Gelson W, Parmar J, Pettit S, et al. Incidence and outcomes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after 5365 solid-organ transplants over 20 years at two UK transplant centres. Br J Haematol. 2022;197(3):310-319. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.18065
  3. Shaw R, Haque AR, Luu T, O'Connor TE, Hamidi A, Fitzsimons J, et al. Multicenter analysis of immunosuppressive medications on the risk of malignancy following adult solid organ transplantation. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1146002. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1146002
  4. Samant H, Vaitla P, Kothadia JP. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. 2023 Jul 10. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513249/
  5. Ume AC, Pugh JM, Kemp MG, Williams CR. Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-associated skin cancers: new insights on exploring mechanisms by which CNIs downregulate DNA repair machinery. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2020;36(6):433-440. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12600
  6. Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Colmenero J, González A, Gastaca M, Curell A, Caballero-Marcos A, et al. Cumulative exposure to tacrolimus and incidence of cancer after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2022;22(6):1671-1682. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.17021
  7. Yusuf S, Bheemreddy H, Ahmed I, Krishnan N. Mycophenolate mofetil and the incidence of skin cancer in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2020;104(S3):S603. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/fulltext/2020/09003/MYCOPHENOLATE_MOFETIL_AND_THE_INCIDENCE_OF_SKIN.899.aspx
  8. Manickavasagar R, Thuraisingham R. Post-renal-transplant malignancy surveillance. Clin Med. 2020;20:142-145. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-0423
  9. Agrawal A, Ison MG, Danziger-Isakov L. Long-term infectious complications of kidney transplantation. CJASN. 2022 Feb;17(2):286-295. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.15971020
  10. El-Mallawany NK, Rouce RH. EBV and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: a complex relationship. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2024; (1):728–735. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2024000583
  11. Kinch A, Baecklund E, Molin D, Pauksens K, Sundström C, Tufveson G, et al. Prior antithymocyte globulin therapy and survival in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Acta Oncol. 2021 Apr;60:771-778. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186x.2021.1904520
  12. Naimo E, Zischke J, Schulz TF. Recent advances in developing treatments of Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus-related diseases. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1797. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091797
  13. Cernova J, Goiriz R, Cutino-Moguel MT, Greenhall G, Riddell A, Thuraisingham R, et al. The rising incidence of post-transplant Kaposi sarcoma in organ transplant recipients in a single-center cohort: should we be routinely screening? Br J Dermatol. 2024;191:i140-i140. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.294
  14. Mechner M, Liu J, Masterson L, Fenton TR. HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology, and clinical management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022 May;19(5):306-327. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00603-7
  15. Hewavisenti RV, Arena J, Ahlenstiel CL, Sasson SC. Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1112513. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112513
  16. Sadowska-Klasa A, Özkök S, Xie H, Leisenring W, Zamora D, Seo S, et al. Late cytomegalovirus disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation: significance of novel transplantation techniques. Blood Adv. 2024;8(14):3639-3651. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012175
  17. Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Merkel cell polyomavirus and Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jul 3;12(7):1774. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071774
  18. Letto G, Gritti M, Pettinato G, Carcano G, Gasperina DD. Tumors after kidney transplantation: a population study. World J Surg Oncol. 2023 Jan;21:18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-023-02892-3
  19. Biswas N, Deen J, Teare H, Robertson I. Bone marrow transplant recipients and their compliance with sun-protection measures in Queensland, Australia. J Dermatol. 2020 Apr;47(4):430-434. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.15262
  20. Sartò GV, Alfieri C, Cosmai L, Brigati E, Campise M, Regalia A, et al. Post-kidney transplant cancer: A real-world retrospective analysis from a single Italian center. Transpl Int. 2024 Aug;37:13220. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/ti.2024.13220
  21. Meyer E. Safer HLA mismatch transplantation. Blood. 2020 Sep;136(13):1472–1474. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020006922
  22. Jung SW, Lee H, Cha JM. Risk of malignancy in kidney transplant recipients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2022 Apr;23:160. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02796-6
  23. Khalid H, Fareed MM, Dandekar T, Shityakov S. Calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplantation: integrative metamodeling on transplant survival and kidney function. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023 Sep;56:1403–1414. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03754-3
  24. Manickavasagar R, Thuraisingham R. Post-renal-transplant malignancy surveillance. Clin Med. 2020 Mar;20:142-145. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2019-0423
  25. Huo Z, Li C, Xu X, Ge F, Wang R, Wen Y, et al. Cancer risks in solid organ transplant recipients: results from a comprehensive analysis of 72 cohort studies. Oncoimmunology. 2020 Nov 29;9(1):1848068. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402x.2020.1848068
  26. Turshudzhyan A. Post-renal transplant malignancies: opportunities for prevention and early screening. Cancer Treat Res Commun. 2021;26:100283. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100283
  27. Yamada M, L'Huillier AG, Green M. A focused review of Epstein-Barr virus infections and PTLD in pediatric transplant recipients: guidance from the IPTA and ECIL guidelines. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2024 Feb 28;13(Supplement_1):S31-S38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piad097
  28. Markouli M, Ullah F, Omar N, Apostolopoulou A, Dhillon P, Diamantopoulos P, et al. Recent advances in adult post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Cancers. 2022 Dec;14(23):5949. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235949
  29. Şi̇mşek GÖ. Immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: today and tomorrow. Curr Mol Bio Rep. 2024 May;10:54–64.
  30. Titov A, Zmievskaya E, Ganeeva I, Valiullina A, Petukhov A, Rakhmatullina A, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy beyond CAR T-cells. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(4):743. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040743

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

Figure 1

Figure 4

Figure 1

Figure 5

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

  • Synthesis of Carbon Nano Fiber from Organic Waste and Activation of its Surface Area
    Himanshu Narayan*, Brijesh Gaud, Amrita Singh and Sandesh Jaybhaye Himanshu Narayan*,Brijesh Gaud,Amrita Singh,Sandesh Jaybhaye. Synthesis of Carbon Nano Fiber from Organic Waste and Activation of its Surface Area. Int J Phys Res Appl. 2019: doi: 10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001017; 2: 056-059
  • Obesity Surgery in Spain
    Aniceto Baltasar* Aniceto Baltasar*. Obesity Surgery in Spain. New Insights Obes Gene Beyond. 2020: doi: 10.29328/journal.niogb.1001013; 4: 013-021
  • Tamsulosin and Dementia in old age: Is there any relationship?
    Irami Araújo-Filho*, Rebecca Renata Lapenda do Monte, Karina de Andrade Vidal Costa and Amália Cinthia Meneses Rêgo Irami Araújo-Filho*,Rebecca Renata Lapenda do Monte,Karina de Andrade Vidal Costa,Amália Cinthia Meneses Rêgo. Tamsulosin and Dementia in old age: Is there any relationship?. J Neurosci Neurol Disord. 2019: doi: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001025; 3: 145-147
  • Case Report: Intussusception in an Infant with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection and Post-Operative Wound Dehiscence
    Lamin Makalo*, Orlianys Ruiz Perez, Benjamin Martin, Cherno S Jallow, Momodou Lamin Jobarteh, Alagie Baldeh, Abdul Malik Fye, Fatoumatta Jitteh and Isatou Bah Lamin Makalo*,Orlianys Ruiz Perez,Benjamin Martin,Cherno S Jallow,Momodou Lamin Jobarteh,Alagie Baldeh,Abdul Malik Fye,Fatoumatta Jitteh,Isatou Bah. Case Report: Intussusception in an Infant with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection and Post-Operative Wound Dehiscence. J Community Med Health Solut. 2025: doi: 10.29328/journal.jcmhs.1001051; 6: 001-004
  • The prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus follow-up patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Central Ethiopia
    Getaneh Baye Mulu, Worku Misganew Kebede, Fetene Nigussie Tarekegn, Abayneh Shewangzaw Engida, Migbaru Endawoke Tiruye, Mulat Mossie Menalu, Yalew Mossie, Wubshet Teshome and Bantalem Tilaye Atinafu* Getaneh Baye Mulu,Worku Misganew Kebede,Fetene Nigussie Tarekegn,Abayneh Shewangzaw Engida,Migbaru Endawoke Tiruye,Mulat Mossie Menalu,Yalew Mossie,Wubshet Teshome,Bantalem Tilaye Atinafu*. The prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus follow-up patients at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Central Ethiopia. J Clini Nephrol. 2023: doi: 10.29328/journal.jcn.1001104; 7: 025-031

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?