The Role of the Gut in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Effect of Microbiota

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a globally prevalent public health issue that significantly affects quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality rates. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of the gut in CKD progression, demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and kidney health. In patients with CKD, the accumulation of uremic toxins leads to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, disruption of the intestinal barrier, and systemic inflammation. These factors contribute to disease progression by exacerbating kidney damage. As CKD progresses, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota becomes more pronounced, creating a vicious cycle that accelerates the disease’s progression.

Traditional medical approaches, including medications and dialysis, play a fundamental role in slowing CKD progression and managing symptoms. However, microbiota-based approaches may be beneficial in improving patient outcomes. Regulating gut microbiota has become an important strategy in CKD management alongside traditional treatments. Potential interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and even fecal transplantation. These strategies show promising results in reducing the impact of CKD by restoring a balanced gut microbiota and reducing systemic inflammation and uremic toxins.

This review examines the complex relationship between gut microbiota and CKD and emphasizes the potential of microbiota-based therapies as an adjunct to traditional CKD treatments. By focusing on gut health, new therapeutic approaches may offer significant benefits in slowing CKD progression and improving patient quality of life.